Entre las preferencias de los votantes y del partido: Lealtad partidista en 16 congresos latinoamericanos/Between Voter and Party Preferences: Party Loyalty in 16 Latin American Congresses
Keywords:
comportamiento legislativo, congruencia, presiones cruzadas, América LatinaAbstract
Este artículo analiza cómo la tensión entre las preferencias políticas del partido y las preferencias de los votantes afecta la lealtad partidista de los diputados en América Latina. El artículo analiza legisladores de las cámaras bajas de 16 países latinoamericanos, basándose en encuestas directas a legisladores y votantes, i.e. la posición ideológica del partido, de los votantes del distrito y las respuestas de los diputados. Los hallazgos sugieren que los diputados proclaman desviarse de la línea partidista a favor de las preferencias de los votantes del distrito en la medida en que la posición del partido se acerca a la posición mediana de los votantes del distrito. Los controles de robustez sustentan dicho hallazgo: en la medida en que la posición del partido se acerca a la posición mediana de los votantes del distrito, los diputados son más proclives a tener actitudes relajadas respecto a la disciplina partidista y a darle más importancia a conseguir recursos para su distrito. En general, los hallazgos aportan una aproximación sobre el efecto de la tensión entre preferencias de votantes y preferencias partidistas y sobre la lealtad partidista en América Latina, así como los pasos que conducen a la unidad partidista en los votos legislativos.
This article analyzes how the tension between the district median voter and party policy preferences affects a Members of Congress (mc) disposition to toe the party line versus siding with the district in Latin America. It analyzes MCs in the lower chamber of 16 Latin American countries based on face-to-face mc and voter surveys, i.e. the district median voters’ and parties’ left-right placement and MCs’ responses. The findings suggest that MCs only claim to deviate from the party line by siding with the district as the parties’ position moves closer to the districts’ median. Robustness checks support this tendency: As the party position moves closer to the district median position, MCs are more likely to display lax attitudes towards party discipline and attach more importance to getting resources for their districts. Overall, the findings contribute to an understanding of the effect of the tension between district and party preferences on party loyalty in Latin America and the sequential steps leading to party unity in legislative votes.
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