Sobornos en servicios sociales y preferencias redistributivas en América Latina
Resumen
¿Cuáles son los efectos de las experiencias de soborno en servicios sociales sobre las preferencias redistributivas? La investigación acerca de los efectos de retroalimentación de las políticas sociales ha ignorado el rol de las experiencias de corrupción. Los sobornos reducen la confianza institucional. Si los ciudadanos no confían en la capacidad de las instituciones del estado para proveer servicios de manera imparcial y efectiva, es más probable que se opongan a una mayor intervención del gobierno y a la redistribución de la riqueza. El análisis de seis olas de encuestas LAPOP en 18 países latinoamericanos, con modelos multinivel y probit con variable instrumental y ecuaciones estructurales, muestra que quienes deben pagar sobornos acceder a servicios de salud y educación están menos inclinados a apoyar la redistribución y que este efecto está mediado por la confianza institucional.
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